Humans Are Responsible For Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Global heating is the following large impact that will convey about a alteration in the conditions forms. By definition, Global Warming is the addition in mean temperature that bit by bit warms the Earth ‘s ambiance. It is a phenomenon, which has been on the rise but in the last century, the addition in the degrees have been dismaying. ( George ChristodoulouA ,2006 ) .Global warming has caused a batch of alterations to the environment on a negative mode. Harmonizing to the survey by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , it is observed that the addition in planetary mean temperature has been caused due to an addition in nursery gas concentrations. ( Slashman, 2007 ) . Global heating can hold many different causes, but it is most normally associated with human intervention, specifically the release of inordinate sums of nursery gases. ( EPA, 2006 ) .It is either caused by either worlds or animate beings, or natural causes. Global heating is no more a myth but a fast approaching world, which in the long term will convey the much feared ice age that will pass over out all populating being on Earth. The latest IPCC study states â€Å" widespread mass losingss from glaciers and decreases in snow screen over recent decennaries are projected to speed up throughout the twenty-first century, cut downing H2O handiness, hydropower possible, and altering seasonality of flows in parts supplied by melt H2O from major mountain scopes ( e.g. Hindu-Kush, Himalaya, Andes ) , where more than one-sixth of the universe population presently lives. † ( Geneva, 2010 ) . Global heating has caused a major addition of heat towards the Earth ‘s ambiance and it is still impacting boulder clay today due to human activities. Although some people think that planetary heating happens due to natural factors, it is scientifically proved that worlds are responsible for planetary heating. The intent of this paper is to indicate out the irresponsible people doing planetary heating and to non fault planetary heating occurs due to natural factors. There are many scientific and logical factors of planetary heating are caused by human activities. The chief factor is due to the depletion of ozone bed of the ambiance which happens in the stratosphere. Why the ozone does go dilutant or makes a hole? It is because the release of CFC ( CFC ) gases. Human ‘s utilizations air conditioners to do the hot environment ice chest, but what they do n't look to recognize is that they are doing the ambiance even hotter. Air conditioners releases CFC gas when it is turned on. The CFC gas will respond with the ozone bed and deplete or do a hole. Besides that, iceboxs besides release CFC gases when it is opened. Slowly they start infiltrating into the upper beds of the ambiance and shortly make the ozone rich stratosphere, where they undergo major chemical alterations. ( H. A Khemani, 2010 ) . The CFC gas will shortly disintegrate and the Cl atom will respond with the ozone molecule and alterations to oxygen molecule. As shortly the ozone be d alterations to oxygen molecule the ozone bed will be depleted. The most lurid fact about Chlorofluorocarbons is that they have exceptionally long atmospheric life which, in certain instances, even extends to 100 old ages. This means that if CFC refrigerants are leaked in the ambiance, they will maintain consuming ozone bed for the following 100 old ages to come. ( H. A Khemani, 2010 ) . There are other stuffs used by worlds that release CFC gas such as chemical sprays and combustion of Styrofoam stuffs. Furthermore, the addition of C dioxide degree leads to climatic alteration. Worlds are the chief people to breathe green house gasses to the environment. They emit them in a assortment of ways. The burning dodo fuel by human activities releases green house gas which is C dioxide. When there is a rise in the per centum of C dioxide in the air, the sum of heat captured by the C dioxide besides increases. ( Bidisha Mukherjee, 2010 ) . As the sum of C dioxide degree addition in the ambiance heat is trapped inside the ambiance and causes warming of the Earth. Furthermore, coal combustion of power works besides increases the C degree in the ambiance. Burning coal produces about 9 billion metric tons of C dioxide each twelvemonth which is released to the ambiance, approximately 70 % of this being from power coevals. ( World-nuclear.org, 2011 ) . In add-on mills emit more fume and harmful gases such as C dioxide, A methane, A and oxide. These gases do non merely increase the temperature of t he environment but causes injury to human and animate beings. The combustion of gasolene from transit besides contributes planetary warming on a big graduated table. Burning of gasolene will increase the sum of C monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a really harmful gas that it can do decease to populating beings. Dusts are besides accumulated in the ambiance. Brazil and Indonesia, which contain the universe ‘s two largest lasting parts of rain forest, are being stripped at an dismaying rate by logging, fires, and land-clearing for agribusiness and cattle-grazing. ( Nationalgeographic.com, 2011 ) . Human activities of consuming forest illicitly have cause a major clime alteration to the environment. Men presents are selfish and do things on their favours. They think to upgrade the state with the betterment of engineering. The use of land for development of edifices makes them to cut down woods uncontrolled. Besides, illegal deforestation for importing logs to other states for concern intent causes planetary heating. Trees are needed to cut down the sum of C dioxide in the environment. By disforesting the sum will be greater and the Earth will finally acquire hotter. Excessive film editing of trees for urban usage and other intents is damaging to the environmental balance. ( Manali Oak,2011 ) . Opposition argues more with the point of political relations that plays a function in planetary heating excessively. Even those politicians who are brave plenty to contend for action on the issue are non stating us the whole truth. ( Mark Jeantheau, 2004 ) .The authorities is non responsible for the happening of planetary heating. They do non take any action towards illegal people who causes planetary heating and are money minded. On their head is ever bribe and do non believe about others. Public are non cognizant of this phenomena and take it easy. Government should be blamed for this due for non educating the populace about the effects of planetary heating and point out the effects.

Qualitative Research Project Essay

Introduction Since the 1990’s Racial Profiling has become a major issue in our society. There has been an abundance of court cases, killings and protests where people from the Black community feel that they are being harassed, stopped and questioned or arrested, simply for their outward appearance and look. Racial profiling for the most part has been linked to the police and their investigative methods. However racial profiling is not just limited to the police and their methods. Since 9/11 and the Iraq war racial profiling has become apparent in our view and beliefs against the Muslim/Islamic community. Summary My topic of discussion for my project is racial profiling and how it affects a certain socioeconomic group. The type of research that I will use in my project is the Qualitative Method, using Ethnographic research. By using this form of qualitative research you can target all aspects of the social settings and attempt to find out and describe how various parts fit together, where the Quantitative method would not be ideal because it mainly deals with numbers and statistics. In this type of research you need to have behavior and social qualities that numbers cannot measure. Ethnographic research is the best type of research to use for this issue of â€Å"racial Profiling† because â€Å"it is based on a broad perspective that emphasizes looking for the meaning attached to social setting by the participants. Ethnographic research is not confined to any method of data collection. But is typically is based on a small number of cases and depends on intensive open-ended interactions with them†. (Dorsten, L. 2014) Analysis The first article that I will analyze is â€Å"Racial Profiling and Police Subculture†. The article deals with is the practice of subjecting citizens to increased surveillance or scrutiny based on racial or ethical factors rather than â€Å"reasonable suspicion.† (Chan, J. 2011). The article touches on  how racial profiling is difficult to prove when dealing with the police and their investigative methods. The second article â€Å"Is Racial Profiling Just? Making Criminal Justice Policy in the Original Position†. This article discusses how racial profiling is addressed without using racism and with using racism. The author attempts to prove is racial profiling is just? Finally the third article titled â€Å"The Art of the Unseen: Three Challenges for Racial Profiling†. In this article the author attempts to express how racial profiling is analyzed using the moral status when dealing the costs and benefits involved in police investigative procedures. Methodology How does racial profiling affect the black community. Racial profiling affects the black community directly by police continually going outside of their way to stop, harass or arrest blacks simply by the fact that they look a certain way. It affects the black community indirectly because the black community knows or experiences racial profiling and no longer have complete trust of policemen. Hypothesis Through my research on the topic of â€Å"Racial Profiling† have noticed that there are many issues of the black community that are affected, be it by discomfort, senseless, irrational methods of police and society. Conclusion Racial profiling is a pervasive nationwide practice that federal and local law enforcement agencies use. Whatever type of racial profiling that is demonstrated is an unjust and ineffective method of law enforcement. There are now more laws, policies and procedures that are now in place to help alleviate racial profiling towards any type of race, origin or ethnicity. Becoming more aware of these issues will help and deter any type of unjust, unlawful type of discrimination towards anyone. References Chan, J. (2011). Racial Profiling and Police Subculture. 75-77. Dorsten, L. E. (2014). Research Methods and Society. Pearson Custom Library. Reiman, J. (2011). Is Racial Profiling Just ? Making Criminal Justice Policy in the Original Position. 1-5. Thomsen, F. K. (2010). The Art of the Unseen: Three Challenges for Racial Profiling. Department of Philosophy and Science Studies, 100-115.

A Language Killer Essay Example for Free

A Language Killer Essay ? It is undeniable that English language is a powerful language. It is spoken in most part of the world especially in developed countries for instance the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. This is an inescapable process of globalization, the process of extending social relations across world-space. Globalization leads to the commonness of English in several fields such as science, technology, economy, politic etc. The result of this is English dominating the world and disregarding minority languages. That is why English language is often named as â€Å"a killer language† that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use. The phenomenon of the exclusive use of English is caused by the attitude of a person or a community toward English. This attitude cannot be directly observed, it can be seen from the expression of positive or negative feeling toward it. This attitude may enable a language to grow and prosper or to decay and die. In this case, while English as a global language is growing, other minority languages are dying. The prominent reason for English dominating the world is positive feeling of speakers toward it which reflects in degree of importance, elegance, and social status. For instance in the degree of importance, English holds an important role in education, technology, politic and economy. The speakers of it feel that it is important to be able to speak and understand English because a wide range of information is provided in English. Beside there is a common believe in countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language that knowing English makes people clever, to speak English is all we needed, when someone speaks English we think he is educated, when someone speaks English it creates a good impression for him, speaking English helps to get a job, people who speak English have more friends, people would like to be considered as a speaker of English, if they have children they want them to speak English, and they feel sorry for people who cannot speak English. I myself also feel the same ways. Those kinds of feeling lead English become a dominating language on earth. The consequence of this attitude is English as international language will spread widely. English becomes such a need which is required to be fulfilled in today’s life. Everyone has to be able to understand English, both orally and written. While this is happening, on the other parts of the world there are some less powerful languages which are trying to survive or even dead. Regarding to this phenomenon, UNESCO classifies languages as follows: When the number of people speaking a language is actively growing, it is considered healthy. When children are no longer taught a language, it is considered endangered. When a language is spoken by only a handful of elderly people, it is considered moribund. When no one at all speaks a language as a first language, it is considered extinct. It is so sad to know that from thousands of languages on earth; almost half of people of the world speak one of six dominant languages, English, Mandarin Chinese, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. The other small languages are left behind. It is very important to preserve languages in terms of protecting any cultures. If it not, the world will become monotonous. Even if English language is very influential, we should maintain our identity, our nationality, that we have our own language that we can be proud of. Language will just die if the people will obviously no longer use it, but preserving it is one way of showing to the whole world how united we are as a nation because language is a keystone of culture. A Language Killer. (2016, Oct 03).

Writing Assignment # 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing Assignment # 2 - Essay Example First, there is no performance management system in place hence it is difficult to appraise or evaluate performance of workers. Since performance is not measured, the training and development needs of employees are also difficult to recognize. Further to that, it will be difficult for her to determine who deserves a promotion, a pay rise or who to transfer to another location if a vacancy arises as the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) of employees are not known. Another difficulty is aligning the jobs of employees with organizational objectives. Since there are no performance expectations or targets set, it is difficult to know if the employees are moving in the right direction and if company objectives are being achieved. Moreover, it is difficult to design rewards for performance if performance is not measured in the first place. This poses difficulties for HR director of improving performance through motivation. Lastly, it is difficult for her to help employees progress with their careers if no performance management plan is in place. As regards compensation, many difficulties are bound to be faced. Compliance with the law is vital for an organization which seeks to reduce costs of litigations. Since there is no strategy as to how employees will be compensated as employees are paid by number of hours logged in, it is likely for HR Director to come into conflict with the law such as law on wage and hours or pay legislation. There may also be problems with worker retention due to poor compensation. The HR Director will have to address the type of compensation plan to be put in place. It is to be based on task or skills, internal equity or external competitiveness, or is it fixed or variable? These concerns must be addressed and they are complex especially because they have to be in line with company objectives while at the same time in compliance with labor laws. One alternative to improving performance is

Strategic marketing or Branding Strategic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic marketing or Branding Strategic - Essay Example st personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings.(http://www.appleomputers.com/ourcompany/index.html) Visited on 22/04/2008. Each Apple computer has a digital rights management (DRM) code inside each computer. This prevents non-Ipod users to access iTunes. According to Steve Jobs, the laptop has an aluminium case and rounded edges add to its slick looks. It is extremely fast and the latest version of Apples operating system runs very well. High-definition videos are particularly clear. One must plug in a separate drive to watch DVDs. However, the 80Gb hard drive is enough to storeseveral downloaded films. The large trackpad also lets users navigate around pictures and otherprogrammes using their fingers in the same way they do on an iPhone. The large trackpad also lets users navigate around pictures and otherprogrammes using their fingers in the same way they do on an iPhone Moreover, the new MacBook Air functions as a digital hub in that it can be connected to digital cameras, digital camcorders, MP3 players, digital organizers, television sets, and more. "You can watch your own movies on an airplane if your model has the DVD drive. Setting up a video chat with the people next door or across the globe is simple. On a Mac, one can have a four-way video chat in a full-screen window with amazing clarity and special effects. This laptop has the widest range of applicability with other computer and computer-related devices. Many computer devices and cameras works with Mac — one just plugs it in. A Mac has USB drivers for printers, external drives, digital cameras, input devices, iPod, and more. It can see Bluetooth cell phones and headsets, as well as FireWire camera. Apple’s strong internal focus of massive research and development efforts and increasing the laptop’s functionality and multiple uses such as applications and music have

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience Essay

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience - Essay Example 109). This implies that the application of an array of communications- and computer-assisted, and electronic technologies are being used to a greater extent to improve the performance and implementation of business operations in the tourism industry, and to enhance tourist experience. One of the primary functions of ICTs is the processing and speeding up of information flow to and from the customers. In addition to the World Wide Web, other technology devices, such as smartphone and GPS, have boosted the tourist experience (Mamaghani, 2009; Cantoni, Kalbaska, & Inversini, 2009). Homogenisation of communication technologies allows global reception of mobile phones. Tourists use GPS to quickly and conveniently acquire directions and information about present locations. The combination of standard technologies and systems also has given suppliers the opportunity to lessen costs, and enhance the tourist experience. For instance, airline businesses launched mobile check-in by combining th e check-in procedure with the newest mobile phone technologies (Frew, 2000; Kourtit et al., 2011). Customers gain from further ease or convenience and the tourism sector gains from cost efficiency by supplanting employees with kiosks. Other technologies that the tourism sector can use nowadays in order to enhance the tourist experience are the QR Code, augmented reality, MP3 guide, and geolocation marketing. Quick Response (QR) Codes are a kind of barcode that can be seen through QR reading gadgets such as smartphones. QR Code can be used by tourists to access addresses, maps, and locations through their mobile phones (Hall & Williams, 2008). Augmented reality is a latest technology that erases the line separating what is unreal and what is real by improving people’s senses. This technology is guiding tourists and gives them a surreal experience of magnificent tourist destinations (Conrady, 2010, p. 248). MP3 guide provides tourists access to maps, from historic destinations to the most popular attractions. This technology eliminates the need for tour guides, and makes the tourist experience convenient and trouble-free (Conrady, 2010). Geolocation is a process of detecting a physical location using a wireless device. It can detect a person’s longitude and latitude coordinates to identify his/her precise position. The tourism sector may use geolocation marketing to enhance its services by making local information available to its customers. Tourism businesses may concentrate its marketing efforts and advertise to local populations (Yunker, 2010, p. 76). Geolocation marketing is giving the tourism sector the opportunity to show services that are offered in specific locations. ICTs in Tourism Much of the progress in the tourism industry is rooted in technology processes and facilities that businesses buy for their standard activities. Recently, ICT systems have produced numerous process innovations. Processing of accounts, checking in of guests, and bookings has become considerably downsized, and additional facilities for maintenance made operations more versatile and flexible (Zhou, 2004; Ruiz-Molina, Gil-Saura, & Moliner-Velasquez, 2010). Cooper and colleagues (1998 as cited in Page & Connell, 2006, p. 44) have observed that these ICTs are

Media Analyse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Analyse - Essay Example It also intends to assess the strength as well as weaknesses of these two communication mediums from the perspective of marketing communication. Compare and Contrast Uses of Facebook and The Economist Current statistical findings suggest that Facebook has a greater influence upon the way people communicate. The main advantage of using Facebook is that it permits the marketers to be in connection with the people all around the day whether they are on their mobile devices, at home or at work, watching TV or shopping with their friends. It is because of this reason that the marketers are capable of generating rich social experiences, develop enduring relationships and enhance the strongest marketing strategies such as Word-Of-Mouth (WOM). Facebook has been one of the medium that permits the companies to learn regarding the customer behaviour having close observations of their actions and by involving with them directly. This social networking site is often considered as one of the best online places to learn about the potential customers and their perception about the company. It becomes easier for the companies to integrate their customers into their product development cycle along with the marketing campaign (Facebook, 2011). It is a well known fact that the magazines are not just read once but are read several times by the readers. The readers often prefer reading most of the pages repeatedly. This is one of the main advantages of print media in comparison to television or radio. It has been revealed from the JICNARS Reader Categorization Study that most of the readers of magazines view the spreads. Thus, the advertisements that the company places are at least viewed by the readers in the process of screening the content of the magazines. There are many evidences which prove that the magazine advertisement has the capability of selling the products (Consterdine, 2005). There have been favourable sales effects of campaigns which are focused upon magazine adverti sing. It is to be remembered that the magazine exposure do not take place at once the issue is published. The impact of the advertisement is basically evident after a week or even a month and therefore the advertisers need to consider these facts so that they can compare ad exposure as well as advertisement effect (Office of Commission, 2006). The weekly news magazine such as The Economist sells quickly because it is well written and covers almost all the issues of the world. It has also been observed that the magazine is aimed at those readers who prefer to remain informed. A good instance of a promotion that includes both consumer as well as business sector is generated by The Economist. There are four main components such as ‘Invoice me’ option, good use of colour, stronger offer and an easy order form that tend to help the marketers to ensure that the advertisements placed on The Economist will perform effectively in comparison to other forms of advertisements in UK (Subscription Strategy, 2006). The main advantage of reading The Economist is that each of the issues intends to discover domestic as well as international issues. It also offers its readers with news relating to science, technology, finance, business and arts. Each article published by The Economist is highly analytical. However, it is most often found

Critical Review of the Film Slumdog Millionaire Essay

Critical Review of the Film Slumdog Millionaire - Essay Example These themes underscore the overlapping narratives in the film Slumdog Millionaire, 2008, a British production with Indian cast and crew, using both English and Hindi, with English subtitles for international viewing. The film is directed by Danny Boyle, produced by Christian Colson, screenplay written by Simon Beaufoy, and based on Vikas Swarup’s book Q & A (IMDb, 2012). It won eight out of ten Academy Awards, 2009, along that of ‘Best Picture’, as well as several other international awards (Paul, 2011). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the film â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire†. It will be argued that Orientalist discourses circulate in the film, and media representations of cultural images influence how people identify themselves and their place in the world. Thus, globalization and the politics of identity creation, as well as spatial and economic inequality in an increasingly interconnected world will be examined. Globalizat ion and the Politics of Identity Creation in â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire† The world today is distinguished by a new role for the imagination in social life. Thus, focusing on the image, the imagined and the imaginary, Appadurai (2004) indicates that critical changes are emerging in global cultural processes, with the imagination becoming part of social practice, enabling negotiation between action and globally defined fields of possibility. Film-makers attempt to please the audience by imaginatively using the cultural mythology of the era. â€Å"Myths are transformations of fundamental conflicts or contradictions that in reality cannot be resolved† (Paul, 2011, p.451). Similar to dreams functioning as wish fulfillments in several cases, films provide wish-fulfilling solutions to human dilemmas. This forms the main theme of the film Slumdog Millionaire, in which the 18-year-old Jamal Malik, a Muslim youth played by new comer Dev Patel, is about to win a jackpot of 20 mill ion rupees on the Hindi version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire. However, during a break before the final round, convinced that this uneducated boy must have cheated, the quiz master gets Jamal taken away to be interrogated by the inspector of police. The film uses the questions on the quiz show that Jamal miraculously answers, to reveal his life story in flash backs. He answers each question correctly due to specific incidents in his past that coincidentally gave him the required information or knowledge (Gilbey, 2009). Media representation of cultural images influences how people identify themselves and their place in the world. According to Peralta (2010), art, storytelling and history are inter-connected with cultural identity. The medium of cinema is a form of art which narrates a story, and it is directly related to cultural influences. Cinema creates identity-formation particularly in the contemporary globalized world. Stories convey cultural memories besides relaying morali ty, judgment, history, and life lessons. Further, â€Å"like art, stories can create a place where we begin to understand or make sense of our world† (Peralta, 2010, p.27). Narratives are used to explain oneself to others, and in turn help in understanding the other. With the increasing interconnectedness of globalization, the media representatio

Discuss key lessons you have learned about management and managerial Essay

Discuss key lessons you have learned about management and managerial work using Topics 1 and 2 - Essay Example In the section 1, the researcher will focus on management issues regarding control of employees, in the section 2, the essay will do regressive analysis of the relationship between ‘soft’ forms of control (such as relationship, emotions and belongingness etc) and ‘hard’ forms of control (such as surveillance, use of technology and supervision etc) and the study will also highlight the historic progression of management theories from Taylorism to the present day context. In third section, the essay will analyze Knights and Roberts (1982) argument regarding interdependence of management and employees in order to understand optimal management framework that can help organizations to work in efficient manner. Section 1 According to Jaffee (2001), the concept of management is closely linked with emergence of a factory system during industrial revolution and capitalist development in North America and Europe. Even, â€Å"father of management† Taylor (1911) also developed management theories on the basis of work patter in factories. For long period, management has been seen as the principles or better to say mechanism to control productivity of employees. Harvey (1982) pointed out that necessary foundation for factories to work in proper manner depends heavily on formal subordination of labour. Marx (1849) found that under capitalist society and capitalistic view point of factory owners, labours are being seen as the mere machines that would weave, spin, drill, turn, build and shovel for 12 hours in a day and these labours are bound to listen all the orders because factory owners are paying them. As this process, labours did not enjoy their time in the factory and they viewed the 12 hours working as mere a compulsion to meat economic means. Cooke (2003) and Thompson and McHugh (2002) even also supported existence of such zombie labour culture and they also found significant amount of racial discrimination in factory work culture. Can t he above mentioned work culture or factory running policies of capitalist factory owners during 19th century be classified as ideal management controlling function? Absolutely not and in such context, Taylor (1911) proposed â€Å"Scientific Management† theory in order to highlight how to control output of employees. Taylorism was closely associated with mass production mechanism in Ford (famous car manufacturer) during early 20th century while control of employee is being done through task-oriented optimization. Taylor (1911) also perceived workers as machines and classified slow rate of work of workers in repetitive work practices as "soldiering". In such context, Taylor (1911) proposed that organizations can control employees by identifying optimal method for executing the work and teaching workers the optimal method so that their productivity would go up. However, Jaffee (2001) found that Taylorism cannot help workers to achieve their full potential because the theory negl ects the role human emotion and participatory behaviour of workers. In modern context, Taylor’s (1911) concept of controlling employee has been modified drastically with the emergence of contemporary management theories regarding employee control. Therefore, in the next section, the essay will try to understand how nature of management’s perception and operation regarding employe

Superpower Machine Essay Example for Free

Superpower Machine Essay Every once in a while I cant help but think about what it would be like if I have powers. If I can build a machine that can do anything, I want a machine that can transform me into any hero I want with any superpower there is. It would be an amazing thing to have the ability to do something noble and help people while having fun at the same time. In case of an emergency, I can turn into someone with superman or batman powers or any other hero depending on the situation. For example,if there was any trouble at sea, I can turn into Aqua man or if speed is needed I can easily become Flash. Another power that I am curious enough to try is the power of invisibility. I think it would be exciting to observe people when they do not know that anybody is around. I would also love to have the power to read somebody elses mind. Although somethings are better left unsaid, still, it would be brilliant to know what people are thinking. The bottom line is that these heroes make a big impact in the lives of people they do not even know and I want to be a part of it. Hackneyed as this may sound, Uncle Ben was right in saying that with great powers have great responsibilities. Saving the say is not all about the glamor and the excitement like what televisions and movies are portraying. Everyday we have regular unsung heroes like policemen and fireman who are willing to go to inside a burning building at the verge of collapse with just saving the trapped victim inside. In our everyday lives we encounter heroism that we do not even notice because we have our own notion about what a hero is and what it would be like to be saved. A man giving up his seat in the subway or a young lad helping an old lady cross the street; this is a typical picture of the modern day hero. They are no batman or superman but they end up saving the day. I guess I do not need any machine to make a difference in the world after all but it would still be great to have it as an option.

Ethics In The Health Care Industry Social Work Essay

Ethics In The Health Care Industry Social Work Essay Ethics as it is being used in the health sector is a concept that has evolved over time. There is no doubt that every player in the sector seeks to continually improve their services delivery as well as attaining maximum patient satisfaction in the process. In the last few years, ethics in health has developed through a number of stages. Hippocratic culture dominated traditional ethics in the 1960s where health care providers established relationships with patients. The core values of this relationship were derived from culture. The technological advancements and intensive research has seen developments in biological sciences and biotechnology. With such changes, a new ethical dimension was introduced. Ethical principles of human dignity, compassion, non-malfeasance and social justice However, with time a dilemma arose from the liberalization of health care industry. There emerged a need to harmonize the differences in health needs and resources availed for filling the gap. The scope of health ethics was thus expanded to include quality control, economics, policy formulation and implementation as well as massive research and development. Such efforts and resource harmonization gave birth to an era of health policy and ethics. As time advances there are debates on human rights protection and respect of human dignity (Bryant, Hyder and Kauser, 2007). It is now a fundamental right for every individual to enjoy quality health care without discrimination of any kind. The most recent dimension of health ethics is the fusion of lauded human rights and the fundamental right to obtain quality health services. Contrary to direct definition of health, as the entire state of well being in terms of mental social and physical status of an individual, ethics and human dignity issues are more complicated to completely expound on them. Ethics is solidly founded on cultural convictions developed over time. It derives its relevance and strength from religious and philosophical advocacies deeply embedded on the present leadership systems. It is considered as the ability of a community to clearly and amicably draw a boundary separating what is perceived as wrong and what remains a right thing. Such a boundary touches on the aspects of life right from the way of doing things to the general perception of life. It becomes a big understatement to define ethics without mentioning the famous dimensions used to describe it. It is a cumulative approach of respect to humanity with specific focus on maintenance of autonomy of a person, delivery of justice, rights and upholding of human dignity. Ethics in health policy formulation and implementation focuses on the most cost effective means of delivering a quality health care to all. It is in this light therefore, that ethics attempts to strike a balance between the policies and values cherished by an entire community. Equity is another paramount aspect of importance which cannot be neglected. It is about all that appertains to fairness in the ultimate distribution of gains derived from a robust health advancement which is socially acceptable. It is a concept that goes beyond just accessing health care products but touches on the response aimed at meeting the needs of all persons. Equity aims at ensuring that no one individual is favored in the allocation of resources as well as availing of equal chances of accessing health care (Bankowski, Bryant and Gallagher, 2007). It is therefore a process justified by the outcome. It is important to examine the impact of decisions made on equity. The specific health decisions must go a long way in fostering equity in access to health care services. The health status of most vulnerable groups remains the action points of equity development. There are no specific parameters of determining a group to be classified as vulnerable. However, there are general features which help us in this. There are those who are vulnerable due to social construction while others are as a result of congenital disability. It is usually possible to get an overlap between the two possible causes of vulnerability. The United Nations charter identifies the promotion of human dignity to be one of its core principles. This is evident in the ratifications, conventions and declarations of numerous international agreements in respect of this. One thing that we cannot fail to talk about at the mention of health care is this core principle of promotion of human rights and upholding of human dignity. A good example is the right to information an individual is entitled to on everything that affects his or her health. It is this right that compelled cigarette manufacturing companies to put an information label on their packets. In the recent past, efforts have been put on the reduction of public health burden on the rights of individuals (Sen, Germain and Chen, 2004). Trampling on the rights of a few individuals through quarantine, mandatory testing and isolation in the name of benefiting the majority is no longer ethically acceptable. A good and most recent example is United Nations advocacy of elimination of discrimination against people living with HIV. Together with human rights, dignity is considered an inherent and universal concept. Wide scopes of research in the biomedical field have continued to become the center of discussion on the inherent issues on human dignity. Law enforcers must also expand their focus to other sources of human dignity violation originating from areas outside medical field. Such determinants as political influence, economic factors, technological innovations, environmental concerns and changes in demographics must be looked into. It is important to note that advances have been made so far in the maintenance of human dignity and respect of human rights. Majority of institutions dealing with human health care services have a deliberate way of issuing instructions aimed at improving ethics amongst their staff members. The extent at which ethics instructions are being given is a clear indication of a continuous increase in the expansion in respect of human dignity. The unprecedented attention given to research on health care ethics cannot be attributed to one particular factor. There are a number of reasons as to why every player is shifting focus to this study. To start with, the knowledge explosion on the biotechnology field has availed a number of avenues available for a medical professional in the fight against diseases. It is now possible to handle situations which were once thought to be untreatable. However, this milestone in medical field has not been a bed of roses. A series of mixed reaction continue to emanate from various sections of the society on how ethical are some of these methods. Secondly, the cost of accessing basic health care is sky rocketing across the world. Most governments of the day are spending a substantial portion of their Gross Domestic Product on health care expenses yet most citizens cannot get the care they need. This leaves us in total agreement with Howard Hiatt who say that we have a few resources to use in provision of health care and therefore as a society, we need to ask ourselves two important questions. That is how we spend and allocate them. It is as a result of financial constraints that have made us witness denial of adequate health care, limited access and unfair rationing (Hiatt, 2005). Situational analysis Issues of ethics in health care are numerous. They range from an individual responsibility to the entire corporate obligations. That is why such issues can be approached from two distinct sides. To start with, macro ethical situations entail what cannot be addressed by a specific practitioner. Such issues are those in which the entire body of health professionals and the community at large must deal with in a bid to ensure that health care ethics are defined and respected. As an illustration, issues such as termination of pregnancy, health care resources allocation and organ transplants are in the category of macro situations. On the other hand, micro situations lie squarely on the hands of a single individual health care professional. It must be realized that ripple effects of macro issues are flow into micro situations. Ideally, the topic of health ethics should commence from the generally accepted responsibility a medical officer have towards meeting the needs of patients. This brings to our thoughts the issues of competence and trustworthiness of the health care practitioners. Competency goes beyond possessing enough knowledge to deal with a situation. It includes the ability to articulate issues of health and deliver the services timely and accurately. It is also equally important for a patient to have confidence in the person he or she has entrusted his or her body to. Trustworthiness therefore forms a core factor in the satisfaction of patients which finally culminate to enhancement of health care ethics (Berger, 2003). Legal and ethical rights We are living in an era with serious awakening in discovery of personal rights. The medical professionals have always been assumed to be an all knowing class. A patient would accept to undergo a surgery, take drugs and have a laboratory test without any question or hesitation. This trend referred to as medical paternalism is gradually dying. Patients are becoming consumers with a right to choose what they perceive to best suit them. It is therefore a mandatory standard practice to seek a patients consent before carrying out any procedures aimed at restoring health. Doing anything different from this will not only be unprofessional but totally unethical. The overstepping of a practitioners mandate in administering health care can also attract serious legal action whose far reaching effects can be detrimental in the career of a defendant. Just like any other customer, a patient desires to attain a definite level of satisfaction. Health professionals who are unable to meet the needs of their patients may not be such attractive in future if they survive legal actions. The legal rights of individuals are what we cannot avoid to talk about at the mention of health care ethics. The rights are those privileges a person enjoys as provided and defended in the Constitution of a country. Several legislations avails a patient with a series of rights. A patient seeking the attention of health care providers expects that clinical officers will utilize their gained experience coupled with their knowledge in striving to meet their needs. The patients rights ensure that independent individuals can expect the health care providers to meet their wishes of getting well without fear of otherwise. From a broader view, health care systems are primarily based on the rights of individuals seeking treatment. Patients have a sole responsibility of selecting who or what best suits them in terms of health care facilities and doctors. It is required that the patient gives a go ahead of any process through a fairly attained informed consent. This scheme may look very attractive to a person whose has enough economic muscle to meet the cost of treatment. The patients right assumes that everyone patient can comfortably settle hospital bills. On contrary, this right is as good as not being there for the patient who does not have a medical cover or enough money to pay (Bankowski, 2006). Although United Nations Declaration of Human Rights says that that all persons have a right medical treatment you cannot walk to a health care facility and demand for treatment. It is not enough to receive medical treatment; safety and effectiveness of the services are two paramount features that a treatment seeker is entitled to put into consideration. Ethical rights impose a responsibility on health care practitioners. The Hippocratic Oath results in a duty by the health professionals to do all they can in benefiting the patients and avoidance of any foreseeable harm. It can be argued that the health care providers must act at the best interest of the patients with disregard to how others are affected by their actions. A legality dilemma created by this Hippocratic Oath is diffused by the controversial exposition by Rem Edwards who claims that the health care providers are obligated to alleviating the aching and suffering of health care seekers. The defects in this point of view are evident on the side of health professionals who operate under strict constraints of laws. The responsibilities of health professionals are thus in conflict with earlier mentioned rights of the patients in the light of ethical and legal correctness. Ordering a health care expert to pursue a personal approach and do what contradicts the law, yet ethical, process in the patient with total disregard of what may befall them legally is as good as telling them to suppress what is important to them in favor of the patient. Ethical analysis It is important for a health care provider to continually examine his action so as to ascertain whether he is doing the right thing or not. In 1989, Robert Veatch proposed a four step blueprint which can be used by the health practitioners. This method of analysis involves making sure that there is sufficient knowledge backed by facts for every situation. The second step is bringing in to play whatever is morally upright in relation to the situation at hand. Ethical principles are given a consideration it deserves at the third step. Once the three steps have been taken care of, a fourth and last step of looking in to ethical theories is done. This provides health practitioners with a reliable, powerful tool available for use when faced with a situation demanding an ethical decision making. This theory formulated by Veatch approaches situation in a chronological manner. He goes ahead to argue that an ethical dilemma can be sorted not necessarily through the four steps but by just laying down the actual facts about a condition. If the application of step number one cannot provide a way out, step two is considered. This focuses on the moral rules guided closely by confidentiality or patients consent. At the event that dilemma persists, ethical guidelines of step three are used. The ethical principle encompasses aspects such as maintenance of autonomy, fidelity, nonmaleficence and beneficence. At this point, the stalemate must have been broken. However, it is possible to have unclear solutions even with the application of ethical principles. It is because of such a situation that a health care professional is compelled to use an ultimate tool available in step four. Ethical theories are the final solution finder in a hard decision making procedure. A particle and most recent example is seeking of consent of an organ donor. There have been several conflicting issues surrounding organ transplants. The ever growing imbalance between the number of organs demanded and those available for sale has played a major role in heightening the differences between proponents and opponents of this process. It is the obligation of clinicians to make sure that the wishes of prospective organ donors are respected to the later (Beauchamp and Childress, 2009). Various regulations have been put in place to ensure the respect of free will and human dignity of a donor whether death or alive. Conclusion The challenges facing health care professionals continue to rise with technological advancements and sky rocketing costs of health care. It is therefore of paramount importance to equip them with sufficient knowledge of ethical tools for use in such situations today or in days to come. Totally relying upon ethical codes, principles and theories may not be enough in decision making but serves by providing a rough idea.

When I Consider How My Light is Spent Essay -- Literary Analysis, John

John Milton’s Sonnet XIX, known as â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† is a poem considering one’s disabling affliction in light of a time-less truth that the Apostle Paul wrote of: all things work to the good who love God and one thereby learns to be content in all things. Milton’s disabling affliction was blindness and by most interpretative accounts he was blind when he wrote Sonnet XIX. Under God’s providence Milton â€Å"considers† his dark infirmity and writes (dictates?) in light thereof. In this darkness and in this light I will consider Milton’s Sonnet. First to consider is that the poem used in The Norton Anthology of English Literature is an edited version from The Complete Poetry and Major Prose of Milton, edited by Merritt Y. Hughes. The poem that will be considered here is the 1673 text printed in The Riverside Milton, edited by Roy Flannagan. The decision of Riverside was not to intervene into the text, but to leave as it was written. Hughes’ changes insert punctuation, capitalization and spelling to update it to a modern audience. By modernizing the poem Hughes has effectively changed the meaning to what he as the editor had in mind. Milton wanted good readers, readers that read deeper than surface meanings and by changing the text the art of Milton’s words are compromised for the poem was designed to confuse the reader. Milton as a wordsmith is preparing the reader for a spiritual confusion that leads one to a question. Hughes’ editing reinforces the binary aspects of the poem that sets up one speaker i n the octave and one speaker in the sestet, the problem in the octave then the solution in the sestet, if one likes. If one leaves out the editorial changes, the octave speaker and the sestet speaker become erased... ... is required of all humankind. In Milton’s voice of patience the voice of complaint was quelled and regardless of time spent working or what affliction besets one, God is generous and graciously provides all through the unction of the Holy Ghost. The Holy Ghost’s works derive from one’s faith and by this spirit operates within one to the glory, purpose and will of God. This will of a holy God who sends forth his messengers to Godspeed in giving good success to forward his purpose in the talent or gift that he distributes by the operation of the selfsame Spirit. Milton acknowledges obedience to this one God that he puts himself at disposal to, and in all this Milton â€Å"charged [not] God foolishly† (Job 1:22 K.J.V.). John Milton’s darkness will in one day stand in the eternal unspent light as he waits to consider the words â€Å"enter in good and faithful servant.†

Romantic Contradiction in the Poetry of John Donne Essay -- Poetry Poe

Romantic Contradiction in the Poetry of John Donne John Donne's poem "Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed" is closely related to "The Sun Rising" in its treatment of love, lust, and togetherness. Both discuss and argue different stances on the same topics, but are united by their language and development. The structure of "Elegy 19" and use of poetic techniques relate it directly and indirectly to "The Sun Rising". In "Elegy 19", there are forty-eight lines of adoration of the mistress of the title; this poem is full of reverence, veneration, and respect for the female form. In passages such as Your gown going off, such beauteous state reveals As when from flowery meads th' hill's shadow steals or perhaps Full nakedness! All joys are due to thee. As souls unbodied unclothed must be, To taste whole joys. Gems which you women use Are like Atalanta's balls, cast in men's views Donne clearly has a high and lofty image of the human female form. Yet this deification is undermined by the lusty, bawdy qualities of the poem. For example, when Donne reaches the conclusion of the poem he does not summarize his mistress' physical beauty, but instead promises sexual adventure. This is seen in the final three lines, Here is no penance, much less innocence. To teach thee, I am naked first; why then What need'st thou have more covering than a man? which clearly negates (or at least portrays negatively) the earlier, more romantic aspects of the poem. Other words have double meanings, which furthers the bawdy aspects of the poem, making seemingly innocuous passages into ribald declarations. Examples of double usage of words include "labor", which means both ‘get to work s... ...mplies sexual activity. Indeed, despite its romantic qualities, invoking the bed the lovers share as the center of the sun's orbits has a clear sensual tinge; it is as if the sexual activity of the lovers is the center of the world, for what else is a bed the symbol of, if not consummation of love? So in these two Donne poems, "Elegy 19" and "The Sun Rising", various poetic structures are used to create a split atmosphere of both romantic love and sexual love, which coexist within the fabric of the poetry. Donne skillfully uses such forms as direct address, indirect address, both stanzaic forms conventional and unconventional, and adept language manipulation to convey two messages simultaneously, and in doing so he paints an accurate portrait of the reality of love: that there is always a mix of romantic and sexual sentiments in the relationships between lovers.

Akc Dog Breeds Essay -- essays research papers

We humans classify everything that we have come to know in this world, from elements to all God’s creatures. Man likes to know he has control and the classification and selective processes man takes are all for control. Even mans’ best friend has been narrowed down into groups which man created. In each group are dogs that have been breed for a specific use to help man do a job faster, easier, and more efficiently. â€Å"Every breed is assigned to one of seven groups, based on the uses for which the breeds were originally developed† (AKC.org). Mans’ best friend has been categorized into the: Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-Sporting, Herding, and Sporting Groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hound Group contains such popular dogs as the Basset Hound, Bloodhound, and Greyhound. There are 22 separate breeds in the Hound Group alone. This group can be further separated into the scent hounds and the sight hounds. Scent hounds have been bred to find their prey by their overdeveloped sense of smell. Sight hounds were bred to spot targets at great distances and let their handlers know where the prey is located.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Working Groups is a group of 21 different breeds of dogs. These dogs â€Å"were bred to perform such jobs as guarding property, pulling sleds, and performing water rescues† (AKC.org). Some common breeds in this group are the Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher, and Boxer. These dogs were bred for specific tasks but all needed to be intelligent, quick at learning, and good companions. Most of the...

Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook

Phi Cao Carlin – 1 English IIK 30, January 2013 1. Character: Clarisse Quote: â€Å"I sometimes think drivers don’t know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them slowly,† she said. â€Å"If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes! He’d say, that’s grass! A pink blur! That’s a rose garden! White blurs are houses Brown blurs cows. My uncle drove slowly on a highway once. He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days. Isn’t that funny and sad too? (1. ) Analysis: As Clarisse and Montag meet for the first time, she asks a series of mysterious questions that no one in the dystopia would ever even think of. The statements and questions display how wise she is and how there are very few people like her in this society that can actually see the enjoyments in life and nature. She attempts to make Montag understand that this world they live in, everything moves so fast, they need to slow down every once in a while and appreciate the simple pleasures in life.Because their society is overtaken by technology they are convinced that it is the only way to make them happy. Quote: â€Å"Are you happy? † (1. 10) By asking a simple question like this, it challenged Montag to think beyond his usual capacity, thinking outside of his normal life. He’s began to have thoughts about his definition of true happiness. He starts to realize he’s not truly happy, that’s why it took him a while to respond to her question. This quote by Clarisse is one of the most important quotes throughout the story.Without this quote, Montag wouldn’t doubt himself about his true happiness. 2. Symbols: Fire Quote: â€Å"We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. † (1. 40) Analysis: As the old woman whose house was about to be burned due to her love for books, she screams to Montag about â€Å"Master Ridley† and â⠂¬Å"playing the man. † As the story continues, Beatty reveals to Montag this quote said by a british man named Latimer. After critically thinking Montag learns that there are things in the world hat are worth living and dying for which no one in this society is willing to do. For the woman it symbolizes unyielding strength, determination and dedication. Quote: The fire was gone, then back again, like a winking eye. He stopped, afraid he might blow the fire out with a single breath. But the fire was there and he approached warily, from a long way off. It took the better part of fifteen minutes before he drew very close indeed to it, and then he stood looking at it from cover. That small motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a different thing to him.It was not burning. It was warming. (3. 145) Analysis: Throughout the whole story Montag saw fire as nothing but destruction and he took pleasure into book burning at the beginning. So now seeing that this flame as a nice warming home for him, it begins to make him question. This small warm-felt fire began to make him see what he’s been so clueless about all along. Burning books wasn’t the solution but the problem. He then reconsiders about what Clarisse said about firemen. What if his job was really to stop burning books and rather than starting them?

Can You Imagine a World Without a Superpower?

Coined by Dutch-American geo-strategist Nicholas Spykman in 1943, the political term ‘superpower’ is used to refer to a country with the ability to influence events or project power on a global scale. ’ It is difficult, if not impossible to envisage a world without a superpower. There are a number of reasons to support this assumption. We begin with the first and most blaring- It is simply difficult to imagine a world without a superpower because history itself has shown that there has yet to come a time when one or more powers do not rise above its counterparts in terms of economic and/or political factors to the extent that they are able to impact various issues on a global level. From the ancient civilizations such as the Persian, Roman, Mongol, Portuguese and Spanish empires to the Russia during the Cold War and the USSR today, we have yet to observe a period of time when the world has observed an equitable balance of power. It can be argued that just because it has not happened yet, does not mean it will not happen one day. This is a firm basis for a counter-argument, however, it must be understood that in the foreseeable future, with more and more powers working towards this ‘superpower’ status (examples include China, Brazil, India and Russia), a world without superpowers is merely a sanguine, idealistic idea. Another issue that would make a world without a superpower a seemingly utopian concept is the difficulty of administrating such a world. Indeed, if no policing power (such as the USA) had the ability to influence global issues, the world would lack a clear sense of direction. Indeed, major decisions would probably be taken by a representative, multilateral body such as the UN (without a system of permanent seats). In such a scenario, it would be quite difficult to please all the parties involved and a conflict of interest would be inevitable. In a setup such as today, whereby the United States largely acts as the dominant political enigma, at least decisions are made and issues addressed. For example, in 1991, when the USSR was finally removed from its position as the dominant power of Eastern Europe, its surrounding sphere of influence fell into a spiral of economic and political despair. One can only imagine the repercussions if this happened on global level. According to Professor Niall Ferguson at New York University’s Stern School of Business ‘power, like nature, abhors a vacuum. In the history of world politics, it seems, someone is always the hegemon, or bidding to become it. ’ This idea proposed by professor Ferguson, is based on the theory that inherently, every country would like power. It is this elusive pull of power and all that it brings with it that would make a world without a superpower merely a product of idealism.

A Framework for Thinking Ethically Essay

The article â€Å"A Framework for Thinking Ethically† analyzes the main concept of ethics. The authors explores the arguments of what ethics is and what ethic is not, why ethics is important, five sources of ethical standards, and advises a 10-step framework for making ethical decisions. First, this article helps identify what ethics is not. It points out that ethics is not based on the law and culturally accepted norms; it is neither religion nor a science; and it is not the same as peoples’ feelings. Moreover, the authors describe that many philosophers and ethicists around the world proposed five sources of ethical standards to help understand what ethics are based on. Secondly, the article identified the following five sources of ethical standards: the Utilitarian Approach, the Rights Approach, the Fairness or Justice Approach, the Common Good Approach, and the Virtue Approach. The authors state that using these five approaches helps peoples define what standards of behavior can be considered ethical. Once one puts all these approaches together, there are still problems to be solved. One of the problems is that it is almost impossible to agree to the same set of human and civil rights, and another is that the approaches to ethical behavior do not have the same explanation for particularly difficult situations. Finally, the authors recommend a 10-step process for making the ethical decision. This 10-step process include five activities; 1) Recognize the Ethical Issue, 2) Get the Facts, 3) Evaluate Alternative Actions, 4) Make a Decision and Test it, and 5) Act and Reflect on the outcome. Step 1 and 2 ask to consider the impact and repercussions of the decision. Step 3-5 stress getting all relevant information. Step 6 asks to evaluate the dilemma based on the different approaches. Step 7-8 forces to choose the best approach, and look at it objectively. Finally, Steps 9-10 urge the carefulness needed to implement the decision, and the honest reflection that must follow upon putting the decision to action. This 10 step process gives the decision maker a pragmatic way to debate, mull over, and thoughtfully consider when making ethical decisions.

Golden Ass Book Review

Apuleius. The Golden Ass. Translated by Joel C. Relihan. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company Inc, 2007. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Maps. Index. Pp. xlv, 254. Apuleius’ The Golden Ass describes the trials and tribulations of Lucius, a privileged man who’s extreme curiosity leads to his unfortunate transformation into an ass. His journey as an ass leads to a newfound perspective, enlightenment, and eventual salvation. Relihan’s translation is vividly descriptive and allows the modern reader to relate to the tale. Although extremely complex and vulgar at times, The Golden Ass is an entertaining, humorous, and inspiring story which provides valuable insight into ancient Greco-Roman society. The Golden Ass consists of many stories which are all interconnected. Apuleius weaves folk tales and myths into the main story of Lucius, which draw parallels to the main theme of The Golden Ass. The reader must pay close attention to such tales, particularly that of Cupid and Psyche, as they are important in understanding Lucius’ redemptive journey. Although the format is often difficult to follow, it is crucial to the significance of the story . Lucius’ intense curiosity and inability to control his desires lead to his transformation and all the negative consequences which follow. Apuleius may have been attempting to convey the downfalls of greed and lust, showing that they always lead to trouble. Lucius’ experiences as an ass are often very funny and explicit. Apuleius’ wit and use of sexual humor provide light-hearted entertainment for the reader. On the other hand, Lucius also lives the inhumane life of a slave after his transformation to an ass. He experiences a way of life he never thought of before his transformation. He is abused and fears for his life on several occasions. This perhaps reveals another moral of The Golden Ass, that is, treat others how you would like to be treated. The Golden Ass serves as an excellent historical document. It describes ancient Greco-Roman society’s morals, social classes, and overall way of life. Apuleius offers insight into all sectors of society. Wealthy upper classes, thieves, artisans, and slaves are all depicted in great detail. The society portrayed in The Golden Ass is in chaos. Greed, immorality and crime are abundant. When Lucius is living with a group of robbers, the reader gets to see how their society functions democratically, as well as their desperation and greed. Lucius’ life as an ass shows his maltreatment as well as the abuse of the slaves around him. These descriptive passages cause the reader to empathize with both Lucius and the slaves. This makes his journey more meaningful and effective at the end. The portrayal of women in The Golden Ass shows that women were viewed very negatively. The Tale of the Wife’s Tub, Miller’s Wife, and Drycleaner’s Wife, all describe women as adulterous and manipulative. Another story, the Tale of the Oppressive Land Owner, shows the tyrannical nature of the small land owner’s of the time. These were likely the characteristics of the society in which Apuleius lived. Relihan’s translation offers several tools which are beneficial in helping the reader understand the text. The introduction provides a summary of the work and important background information about Apuleius. The maps and index are helpful to the reader, as they provide more detailed information about place location and character description. A glossary of major characters is not included, but would have been helpful. The Golden Ass is not for the conservative reader, as it contains explicit sex and violence. One must pay close attention to the story, as there are many details which could easily be missed. The Golden Ass is witty, descriptive, and historically relevant. Readers will be entertained by Lucius’ journey to redemption and gain information about ancient society. As stated in the first chapter, â€Å"pay close attention and joy shall be yours. † (p. 3).

Sweetness In the Bible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sweetness In the Bible - Essay Example ver, a person may not avoid bitterness until he experiences it and this is probably the principle of the God of the Hebrews who allowed his beloved people to undergo so many hardships in their lives. On a general note, the Israelites were exposed to many difficulties but the plans of God were for their good and not their destruction, for their faith in him to be strengthened and not to be misled by false gods. David’s stand against an undefeated giant is a story of God’s help. Introduced as the youngest in his family, perceived as unable because of his age and portrayed as good only for bringing food for his warrior brothers but not in engaging in manly responsibilities like being in a war, David was an unlikely hero. With such a description, he could be just another kid on the block, unable to do extraordinary things. However, he proved to be a man of faith who was strongly jealous for his God so that in his anger towards the giant who belittled his God and his people, David killed Goliath with only a stone and a sling. Such circumstance placed the young man on a pedestal where he was revered, yet for him maintained his humility and faith in God. This example has been caused by God to be written in the most popular book in the world, and the man to be remembered hundreds of generations after him. Dependence on the God who gives and is able to take away is Job’s testimony. Considered a righteous man by God himself, Job seemed to have been unjustly inflicted with all the pains he had been through in just a day. As a prayerful man, one can say that he did not deserve to lose all his possessions, sons, daughters and servants in just a single day. Yet that was what happened to him and as though that would not be enough, he was suffered from skin disease that made him scratch himself with broken pottery. His friends were not of help to him either because they added to his hardships with their accusing words that he might have sinned against God to deserve all

Complete a bcg matrix and answer questions Assignment

Complete a bcg matrix and answer questions - Assignment Example In most cases, business units categorized as Stars required heavy investments to ensure that the high growth and market share are maintained. At the moment, corporate car rentals are the stars within this business given their high growth rate and high market share. Dogs on the other perspective represent business units that trap cash given their low market growth and share (Griffin 223). Such business units therefore do not have the potential of adding a lot of cash into the business and they are related to the declining stage of the business. Refueling/fuel packages as well as miscellaneous accessories are the cash trappers. They have low growth and market share as well. Lastly, Cash Cows are business units with high market shares but a low growth potentiality (Griffin 223). In such business units, they were the previous stars and if serious measures are put in place they can generate more cash. Leisure car rentals formed the previous stars within this business. They can generate more cash if serious measures are put in place. The marketing manager should concentrate on the corporate cat rentals, leisure car rentals, and insurance adds on as a way of increasing cash whilst there should be need to reduce the refueling/fuel packages and the misc accessories, which continue to trap the cash for the

How did the Roman Republic become the Roman Empire Research Paper

How did the Roman Republic become the Roman Empire - Research Paper Example The Roman Empire owes its expansion to able rulers who ruled with autocracy. The Roman Empire was able to stand for that long because of the religious believes of the Romans. This is because they believed in their supreme deity Jupiter. They believed Jupiter granted them limitless empire. Thus they believed that the whole world should be under their rule perhaps this explain their endless effort to extend their empire. Latin language was the universal language and this provided cohesion. The Roman Empire was so big that it is can be equated with 40 countries of nowadays. It extended from north England, Asia, Africa and Mediterranean. It is also important to note that it has not been smooth ceiling for the Romans in the transition from a republic to an empire. This is because this transition was characterized civil wars as people were against the extension. The Roman Empire had diverse cultures since it existed and controlled many people. The rulers had to adjust to give everyone free dom of worship. Their style of ruling has had a large contribution to the modern politics. Their religion too has affected the way people worship. An example is the Roman Catholic Church. This religion came into existence because of the Christian rulers who ascended to power. The advancement of Roman Empire in such a quick way was because they had military prowess. There was no nation at that time that matched the military prowess of the Romans. They conquered almost the whole of Europe, Asia, Mediterranean, Persia and Egypt. Despite their military prowess, they were unable to conquer Germany. This is because the Germans resisted their advancement. The Germans were decentralized as opposed to other communities that were centralized hence it was difficult to subdue the Germans. This later led to the collapse of the Roman Empire. There were several reasons that made Roman Empire to rise and dominate the largest empire in the world for so long. The first reason is the naval dominance. The Romans dominated the coastline for long. This ensured that they had military or naval advantage since they could locate approaching enemies from far, thus giving them time to prepare. They were also able to deploy their army with ease along the coastline hence giving them military advantage. The naval dominance also was lucrative. This is because they were able to control trade as they controlled the coastline. This enabled them to amass wealth from proceeds of trade. Their success in naval dominance came after the defeat of Carthage by Romans in the Punic war, which gave the Romans the chance to control fully the Mediterranean. The Romans further used appeasement to advance. This is because they ensured that the local were satisfied to reduce military work. They gave the locals freedom of worship and allowed them to observe their culture. This ensured that military concentrated on further advancement of the empire rather than using them for controlling the local thus, they were able to reduce drain on military. The other reason is that the Romans provided political stability and promoted commerce. The people under the Roman Empire received protection from enemies by strong military. They ensured there was free trade and they provided unitary currency to ease transactions. With this, they ensured that the locals were happy to reduce internal conflict. In fact, few people in the Roman Empire were below poverty line. The other reason

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Business Law - Assignment Example USA), the Supreme Court actually decided against the Pasquantinos, arguing that they have been guilty in violating Federal Wire Fraud laws. In this case, I don’t think that the Pasquantinos and the Hilts would not be able to succeed in their legal argument, given that the nature of the law was against smuggling, the very crime that the Pasquantinos and the Hilts committed. Meanwhile, with regards to the third case (USA v. Dotterweich); I think that he must still be held criminally responsible for violating the Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Although it may be argued that he may have not participated directly in shipping misbranded drugs, this fact does not remove his responsibility to ensure that his business is actually complying with all standards and regulations that are being enforced by the state. In this case, given that it is still his company, such failure to comply with regulations is fully within his

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine - Essay Example Since independence, Ukraine’s animal agricultural policy seeks to address key issues such as; food security, the development of rural areas and international competitiveness with the poultry, beef and pig sectors being the most protected. Poultry farming, pig farming, Animal Feed production, Cattle farming and Bio Energy production constitute the key animal agricultural sectors in Ukraine. The country’s agricultural sector remains a key economic determinant; although the sector’s total output collapsed by 40% between the years 1990 and 2010, (USUBC, 2008). The period also saw the reallocation of resources as a result of comparative advantage with the share of grains in production growing at the expense of livestock. Statistics indicate that, between the years 1990 and 2008, livestock output suffered extensively with the production falling by 50% compared to only 25% for grain production, (USUBC, 2008). It is further predicted that the sector will further contract by 18% in the projection period from 2010 to 2018. Besides, the country’s Foreign Direct investment in Animal agriculture continues to lag behind other countries as a result of its structure and regulatory framework. It is estimated that FDI in animal agriculture fell from over 21% in 1990 to just 5% in 2002. Generally, an estimated 13% of Ukraine’s total land area constitutes permanent pasture land. A 2001 statistic indicate that there were 9.4 million head of cattle, 963,000 sheep, 7.6 million pigs, 912,000 goats, 20 million ducks and 103 million chickens,(OECD 2004). Poultry numbers increased by 9% between the years 2004 and 2006 while the number of pigs 25%. However, the number of cattle decreased by 11% within the same period. Turkeys, goats, Horses, rabbits and ducks are also bred and raised in the country, (USUBC, 2008). Meat production is a key component of the country’s animal agricultural sector with a 2001 statistic indicating that 646,000, 591,000 and 239,000 tons of beef, pork and poultry meat respectively were produced within the year much less than the 1, 986,000, 1, 576,000 and 239,000 tons of the same products in 1990. Milk and egg production are also key segments within Ukraine’s animal agricultural sector. In 2001, milk and egg production totaled t o 13.4 million and 546,000 tons respectively, (USUBC, 2008). In addition to animal rearing, Animal food production is also a key component of the country’s animal agriculture. Most feed production is for poultry estimated at 2.2 million tones in 2006 while pig and cattle feeds accounted for 850 and 650 tones respectively,(OECD 2004). Animal food production is however highly centralized, with an estimated 30 companies producing half of all feed. Furthermore, the country’s largest producers manufacture nearly all major types of feeds although the tendency to produce feeds for personal needs by farmers has also increased. This has can be attributed to the desire to save cost and to practice contemporary animal breeding techniques within their own farms,(OECD 2004). Changing Trend Although Ukraine has done considerably well in the animal agricultural sector, its full potential is yet to be realized. In beef farming for example, the cattle heard in 2009 was found to be almo st 88% below that of independence in 1991. Beef remains the largest meat sector with 900, 000 tones production in 2008. This is followed by pig meat and Poultry meat at 700,000 and 30, 000 tones

The Global Reporting Initiative Has a Mission to Develop Global Essay

The Global Reporting Initiative Has a Mission to Develop Global Sustainability Reporting Guidelines for Voluntary Use by Organis - Essay Example The specific Initiative has been proved particularly valuable leading to the increase of the power of sustainability as related to organizational reporting. At this point, the following issue has appeared: which can be the actual value of the information provided through the reporting rules used in the context of GRI. The specific issue is examined and evaluated in this paper. Emphasis is given on the value of the above information for the firms’ shareholders. Reference is made, as an example, to four firms listed in FTSE 100, aiming to show that GRI can be highly valued by a firm’s shareholders, even if there is no previous involvement of a particular organization in similar initiatives. It is made clear that firms are urged to produce the specific type of information under the pressure to respond to the demands of different parties; the adoption of GRI rules by competitors can also lead firms to participate in the specific scheme. 2. Global Reporting Initiative 2.1 Ke y points of the Initiative As noted above, the key aim of the Global Reporting Initiative is to urge organizations to use sustainability-reporting rules (Global Reporting Initiative 2012). GRI is ‘a non-profit voluntary organization’ (Global Reporting Initiative 2012) that produces such rules. These rules are voluntary, meaning that organizations are not obliged to adopt them. However, it has been proved that these rules can help organizations to improve their relationship with their shareholders who seem to value the relevant information, as incorporated in each organization’s annual reports. In order to understand the increasing pressure on companies for adopting the reporting guidelines of GRI, it would be necessary to refer to sustainability reporting, as an activity related to the operations of organizations in different industries. According to GRI, sustainability reporting is ‘the practice of measuring, disclosing, and being accountable to internal a nd external stakeholders for organizational performance towards the goal of sustainable development’ (GRI rules, p.3). The framework of sustainability reporting, as promoting by GRI, is presented below in Figure 1. It is clear that for GRI there are two key parts of sustainability reporting: the rules on which the reporting will be based and the content of the report (GRI rules, p.3). Figure 1 – Sustainability Reporting under GRI (source: GRI rules, p.3) Using the protocols and principles suggested by GRI an organization should incorporate in its annual report, three different types of disclosures, entitled as ‘standard disclosures’ (GRI rules, p.4) in Figure 1 above. These disclosures include: ‘strategy and profile, management approach and performance indicators’ (GRI rules, p.5). These disclosures could be further analysed as follows: a) the strategy and profile disclosures showing the firm’s key strategies and profile, as related to the organizational performance, b) the key managerial decisions for handling various organizational issues can be also used for understanding organizational performance; this idea is promoted through the management approach disclosures; c) the ‘economic, social and environmental performance of each organization’ (GRI rules, p.5) need to be also presented to the stakeholders; the relevant information is provided through the third type of disclosures, the performance indicators disclosures. For responding to the needs of these disclosures, organizations need to produce

Travel Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Travel Industry - Essay Example International traffic is slated to grow at 6.1% during the next decade and is likely to slow down to 5.5% over the 2015-2025 period.1 NORTH AMERICA: North America remains the most mature and the largest market in terms of traffic volume. Since it is a mature market the twenty years growth estimates are lower than the world average. However the market was occupy an important position because of the sizeable volume of traffic flows. International travel prospects are more promising than inter regional, therefore the passenger fleet size will enlarge to 7402 units in 2025 from its current size of 4133 units(in 2005).2 LATIN AMERICA AND CARRIBEAN: Agreement between Brazil, Argentinia, Chile and Peru allows for a level of fifth freedom rights.ElSalvador, Guatemala, Hondauras and Nicaragua have moved a step closer to a single Central American Aviation market with an agreement that calls for more relaxed customs and immigration controls. Traffic growth projections for Latin America, for the review period are higher than the world average at 5.3%.The annual average rate for inter regional traffic is anticipated to be 6.1%.3 EUROPE:Inter regional traffic within Europe will remain the second most significant flow accounting for nearly 12% of the total world's traffic within that region. In 2005 Transatlantic load factor stood close to 83%.European traffic growth forecast stands at 4.8% equally the world annual growth rate. International traffic growth is likely to be robust. Therefore Europe's passenger fleet will double by 2025.4 Europe-Asia Pacific traffic flows will increase at 6.0%, with Latin America at 6.0%.CIS and Europe traffic flows will hit a 6.6% growth rate and a strong 7.3% with Middle East. CIS: International traffic flows from CIS will see a 6.8% increase, marginally above the world average rate. Russia dominates the aviation market landscape in CIS.In September 20005, more than 88% of CIS available domestic capacity was with Russia. Strategic destinations for international travel will be-Asia Pacific, North America and Middle East and Latin America.5 AFRICA: Angola and Nigeria are increasingly becoming an important business destination, mainly because of the accessibility to natural resources like oil, gas and copper. India and China besides other nations have struck trade partnerships with these African nations. In 2005, 100,000 Chinese tourists visited Africa, doubling the figure from 2004.Sub Saharan Africa is saw a 13% increase in international traffic inflows in 2005 as against 5% in 2004.6 MIDDLE EAST: Dubai has climbed from the 26th to the 10th position as a global hub over the last decade.Globally, the route exhibiting the highest growth in terms of traffic volume is London-Dubai. Middle East also has a geographical advantage with a 8,000 nautical miles circle around it.Also, the benefit of having three emerging economies (Russia, China, India) in its "backyard" makes it an advantageous location. International traffic growth is anticipated to be 7.2% for the next ten years and 6.3% over the span of 2015-2025.7 Potential for New Markets. BRIC: Vast consumer base and a consistent high growth rate. The emerging economies in Asia with their large populations and buoyant economies are expected to be the most promising

Midterm Essay Essay Example for Free

Midterm Essay Essay As a ruler in the Warring States period, my kingdom’s survival has the utmost importance. Therefore, choosing a philosophy to base my government upon is a crucial decision. Legalism, Confucianism, Mohism, and Daoism are all great philosophies but for my state, I choose to implement Legalism. Legalism supports a rigid system based on publicized laws that deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Legalism also emphasis an adherence to laws and customs, obedience to the ruler and receiving influential positions based on merit. Legalism as a national strategy of governance is crucial in times of chaos and constant fighting. For my  kingdom I demand absolute obedience from my subjects. I want officials who are qualified by my side to help me make important decisions. I do not want a government full of family members and friends who do not have the credentials for the position. Also I believe everyone should be punished according to the law and there should be no special treatments for the nobles. Everyone is equal under the law in my state. I want to conquer neighboring lands and become the ruler of a unified China. Legalist ideas support my goals for conquest, wealth and a well- functioning government and that is why I choose to implement Legalism in my state. The main ideas of Legalism are to lengthen the rule of the ruler. To further the interest of the ruler, a ruler’s adoption of the Legalism was associated with a tight control of society. Secondly, Legalism emphasized the usage of incentives to govern. Thirdly, Legalism emphasized the usage of institutions in inducing desired behavior because the Legalists believed human nature was inherently bad. As an individual could not be trusted, Legalists paid much attention to the design of institutions to prevent undesirable things from happening. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, the Legalism school encouraged the building of a strong army. For rulers trying to survive the competition among states, Legalism is more practical and can be implemented more easily than other schools of thought during the Warring State period. 1 For my state, I would employ Han FeiZi’s form of Legalism. His ideas are centered on a COMBINATION OF â€Å"FA † ? (LAW), â€Å"SHU ? † (METHOD) AND â€Å"SHI ? † (POWER). BEFORE HAN FEIZI, LEGALIST PHILOSOPHERS SUCH AS SHANG YANG ONLY STRESSED ON FA ? , SHEN BUHAI ONLY STRESSED ON â€Å"SHU ? †, WHILE SHEN DAOQIANG ONLY STRESSED ON â€Å"SHI ? †. 2 HAN FEIZI BELIEVED THAT â€Å"FA †? , â€Å"SHU ?† and â€Å"Shi ? † should all be implemented together. If only â€Å"Shu ? † is taken into practice and â€Å"FA † ? IS NEGLECTED, PEOPLE HAVE NO REASON TO FOLLOW THE LAW. IF â€Å"FA † ? IS BEING IMPLEMENTED then this can bring the state wealth and power but without â€Å"Shu ? † the regime will not be able to maintain its ruling and without â€Å"Shi ? †, a ruler will not be able to exercise order or rule efficiently. Therefore it is important to implement all three ideas together to bring peace and stability to the kingdom. â€Å"FA † ? (LAW) In Legalism, law is used as a standard for judgment on whether a certain behavior is appropriate, inappropriate, right or wrong. Thus, all human behavior has to be confined within the boundaries set forth by the law. A Legalist type of law does not recognize the people’s needs but instead, everyone’s needs and interests will be based according to the standard of law. Legalism also stresses the importance publicizing laws so people can know and follow them. This will bring order and justice to the state. In a Legalist state everyone is equal before the law and the system 1 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. Print 2 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. Print of â€Å"rewards and punishments† does not care about social status, family background but instead deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Those who contribute to the state will be rewarded, while those who violate the law will be punished. 3 â€Å"Shu ? † (Method) Shu is a bureaucratic model of administration to aid the ruler and help prevent corruption and incompetence. It is also a political method or tactic used by a ruler to effectively control officials and subjects. Han FeiZi believed that a ruler must utilize â€Å"Shu ? †in order to identify loyal officials from disloyal subjects. This will help the ruler consolidate power and strength in order to control his subjects effectively Han FeiZi urged rulers to control officials and subjects by the two â€Å"handles† of punishment and favor. 4 An official’s accomplishments must neither be greater than nor less than their assigned duties. A minster is always held accountable for his and his subordinate’s actions. Also the ruler must not allow people to know his thoughts and should be suspicious of everyone. In doing so, the ruler can prevent takeovers and rebellions for his  position. 5 â€Å"Shi ? † (Power) 3 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 4 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 5 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. In Legalism, power is an important part of governance. If a ruler does not wield any power then the law becomes a superficial notion and method will be useless. In order to ruler over a kingdom, the leader has to possess power. In Legalism, power should be employed within the confines of law in order to maximize its usage. If the law is ignored in order to exercise power, then this kind of power can easily lead to chaos and turmoil. Power is not inherently good or evil but the person who wields it can be a moral or immoral person. It is important to employ â€Å"FA † ? AND â€Å"SHI ? † TOGETHER BECAUSE IF A RULER HAS NO POWER THEN THE LAW CANNOT BE ENFORCED which makes a superficial ruler but if one has power but is not constrained by law, this can lead to an abuse of power that can bring harm to society. 6 BY EMPLOYING ALL THREE TENANTS OF â€Å"FA †? , â€Å"SHU ? †AND â€Å"SHI ? †, LEGALISM CAN BRING STABILITY AND peace to my state. I would employ Legalism in my state because it can help expand the population of my kingdom by uniting the warring factions and states under my control. According to Legalist ideals hereditary titles must be abolished and only those who have merit should hold government positions. This means I should not employ family members and friends because they can influence my decisions on a personal level. This can eliminate corruption and  cronyism from my kingdom. 7 Next by creating strict laws for the citizens to follow will foster obedience through punishments and favors. 8 According to Legalist scholars, to expand my state’s population I should also focus on agriculture and the military which will to a surplus of food and 6 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 7 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 197. 8 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 196 help create stronger warriors. This will allow for more conquests and military campaigns. By investing state resources into agriculture, famines can be prevented and populations will grow. 9 Also a mandatory military service for a short time will help my kingdom fight against the barbarians from the west. 10. Finally, increasing the military can also prevent invasions and help my state conquer lands, thus leading to an increase in population as well. Another reason I would employ Legalism because it can also help increase the wealth in my state. The increase in food will help increase trade of agricultural products like millet and wheat as well as other products like plums, apricots, dates, melons, persimmons, beef and pork. Through military conquests an increase of natural resources, tax revenue and workers will help strength the state economy. Lastly, the creation of strict laws with emphasis on collective responsibility will help prevent people from violating the laws. Other philosophies have merits that could help me govern my state. The main ideas of Confucianism are to establish a harmonic society, rather than to promote the interests of the ruler. Second, the Confucianism school does not encourage the usage of material incentives and opposed the usage of severe punishments to rule. To motivate individual behavior, moral obligations were emphasized. 11 Third, the Confucianism school did not value institutions in inducing desirable behavior and that human nature is inherently good. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, Confucianism discouraged a state’s invasion of other states. Confucianism argued that 9 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 52. 10 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 40. 11 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print by following the guidance of li, a humane ruler would induce residents in other states to accept the rule of the humane ruler voluntarily. Relying on military force as a defense would be inferior  and would be unnecessary for a state. 12 To expand the population of my state, Confucianism recommends cultivating goodness (ren) as well as maintaining ritual propriety (li) so I become the most righteous ruler in the land. When a ruler is righteous, his subjects perform righteous tasks down to the common man and people from other lands shall visit my state. 13 This would increase my kingdom’s population. To increase the wealth of my state, Confucian scholars would recommend returning to the traditional Zhou tax system of the 10% tithe. 14 This will allow farmers to have enough grain to  reduce famines and allow more trade to be conducted when there is an excess of products. Confucians would not endorse a state that seeks profit over goodness because goodness (ren) is more desirable for a Confucian gentleman (junzi). When a ruler decides that profit is worth more than virtues, his subjects begin to look for profits as well and ignore virtues, thus leading to gradual corruption within the state. 15 I would not employ Confucianism in my state because while cultivating goodness and being a gentleman is an honorable task, I am only interested in 12 Slingerland, Edward Gilman. â€Å"Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. ’† In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2005. Print. 13 Slingerland, Edward Gilman. â€Å"Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. ’† In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 2005. Print. 14 Slingerland, Edward Gilman,† Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. † In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. 1-58. Indianapolis, IH: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. 2005. Print 15 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 115. Print. increasing my kingdom’s wealth, population and status. Legalist scholars say it would be hard to reduce the tax to 10% and should be kept at a 20% tithe in order to have enough currency and supplies to supply a growing army. Also the selection of government officials through recommendations valued by Confucianism led to high level of corruption. High positions of the government were monopolized by individuals with strong family backgrounds and capable individuals with weak family backgrounds could not get high rank positions. 16 To reduce  corruption in my kingdom, I should abolish hereditary titles and promote through merit so there would be fairness in my government and less bribery and dishonesty. 17 Another philosophy that has gained momentum and fame is Daoism. Daoism is centered on the ideas of wu (emptiness) and wuwei (non-doing). It also places importance on Yin and Yang. Daoism promotes the idea that material items will not satisfy a person’s soul, leading to lifelong emptiness and competition. 18 Daoism also endorses the idea of non-doing but this does not mean to do nothing at all. It simply means that we must not interfere with the natural course of things. The practice of non-action will lead to spiritual harmony with the Tao. Daoism explains the true path to happiness is to throw away all desires so people will not become selfish or corrupt, throw away concepts of justice and morality so people will do the right thing and throw away profit so people will not become thieves. 19 16 17 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 197. Print. 18 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 19 Laozi, and Jonathan Star. Tao Te Ching: The New Translation from Tao Te Ching: The Definitive Edition. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2008. Print. Daoist ideas would not help me achieve my goals of increases in population, wealth or uniting the warring states under my control. Daoist scholars would argue that the population does not need to be bigger than it already is. The sage Laozi has said that a state should be small and the people few so that they will have fewer ambitions and acquire less wealth, keeping them happy without the excess of material possessions. 20 Daoist’s would also be against increasing state wealth because in doing so, it will tempt people with desires of wealth and that will lead to corruption in the state. 21 Daoist scholars would encourage me to do nothing and allow things to go their way naturally which is the concept of wuwei. Daoism would be against war and trying to unify the states under my rule. I would not employ Daoism because it does not help me achieve my goals of a great kingdom. I want to go on war campaigns to conquer lands and have control over my kingdom. Allowing people freedom to do whatever they want will lead of instability and  I cannot have that in my state. In times of turmoil, it is a foolish thing to try and bring peace by doing nothing. Other states will invade my kingdom if any signs of weakness show. It is better to strengthen the people with military training and values so that they can protect their homes and the state from barbarians, and invading armies. 22 This is why I would not employ the use of Daoism in my kingdom. The last school of thought I considered employing in my kingdom is Mohism. Mohists are the main rivals to Confucians in promoting a way of life centered on moral teachings. 20 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 94 Print. 21 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 80 Print. 22 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print. Mohists rejected rituals and music that is central to Confucian beliefs, seeing them as wasteful and pointless. Mohists endorsed moral practices that promote the welfare of all. Mohists sought a way to restore order (zhi) to human society. 23 The Mohists saw people as naturally good, and thus concerned about their family and community, and generally ? committed to doing what they take to be morally right. But if people fail to distinguish right from wrong properly because of a lack of proper education and political leadership, conflicts will arise, leading to disorder. 24 To prevent disorder Mohists want everyone to follow a unified moral code. Ideally, this project would be carried out through a government administered by wise, virtuous leaders, who at each level of  the state hierarchy would teach everyone to draw moral distinctions in the same way. This way everyone would have the same moral standards and conduct themselves in similar ways by knowing what is right or wrong. 25 To accomplish my goals in attaining wealth and population increases, Mohists scholars would want to promote officials by merit as well and would want to eliminate the rites that Confucians endorse. If I employ the able and worthy, my kingdom will attract virtuous people. 26 Mohists would not want to engage in wars, but would extend the concept of universal love (jian 23 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 24 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 25 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 26 De Bary, WilliamTheodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 67. Print. ai). 27 Mohists believe if a noble king rules by partiality and is malevolent towards his neighboring states; other states will want to destroy his kingdom. If however, he rules by universality and is benevolent towards the other states, then other states will hold him in high regard. I would not employ Mohism in my state because I do not care about universal love or benevolence or morality. My goals for the kingdom are purely political and economic based. I want to be remembered in history for being the ruler of the strongest, largest and most wealthy state. During times of turmoil a strong military and cunningness is needed in order overcome the other states. 28  Legalism is the best choice for my state because it promotes a highly structured society. This can prevent instability and internal conflicts. Also by promoting a system of government based on merit, it eliminates corruption and unqualified people from participating in government. Confucianism allows for too much corruption because mostly nobles dominate the government. Daoism advocates non-doing and peace but that is exactly the opposite of what I want for my kingdom. Doing nothing can lead to instability because there is no structure and everyone can do whatever they please. Lastly Mohism places too much emphasis on morals and peace. To maintain a kingdom, the ruler has to make the state ready to invade other states and for invasions as well. To survive in this period of chaos and wars, only the strong survive. Legalism provides the structure I need to rule my kingdom ruthlessly and effectively. 27 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 70. Print. 28 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print.